netcdf 200304_chilbolton_lwc-adiabatic-ecmwf-grid-stats {
dimensions:
height = 20 ;
height_raw = 60 ;
height_coarse = 4 ;
lwc_bin = 12 ;
lwp_bin = 12 ;
variables:
float height(height) ;
height:long_name = "Height above ground" ;
height:units = "m" ;
height:comment = "This height variable is regularly spaced (as opposed to the raw model height), thereby enabling the results for one model\n",
"to be easily compared to those for another." ;
float height_raw(height_raw) ;
height_raw:long_name = "Mean height of model levels above ground" ;
height_raw:units = "m" ;
height_raw:comment = "This variable contains the mean heights of the levels in the model. All variables that are a function of \"height_raw\" are suffixed\n",
"by \"_raw\". Note that such variables should not be compared between different models because the fact that there are different model\n",
"resolutions is likely to favour models with a coarser vertical resolution. Use variables that are a function of \"height\" instead." ;
float height_coarse_min(height_coarse) ;
height_coarse_min:long_name = "Height above ground of the bottom of each range used for PDFs" ;
height_coarse_min:units = "m" ;
float height_coarse_max(height_coarse) ;
height_coarse_max:long_name = "Height above ground of the top of each range used for PDFs" ;
height_coarse_max:units = "m" ;
float time_resolution ;
time_resolution:long_name = "Temporal resolution of model" ;
time_resolution:units = "hours" ;
time_resolution:missing_value = -999.f ;
time_resolution:_FillValue = -999.f ;
float lwc_bin_min(lwc_bin) ;
lwc_bin_min:long_name = "Liquid water content bin minimum" ;
lwc_bin_min:units = "kg m-3" ;
lwc_bin_min:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
lwc_bin_min:comment = "This variable provides the liquid water content thresholds for the contingency tables and the skill scores,\n",
"and the minimum of the bins used in the liquid water content probability density functions." ;
float lwc_bin_nominal_centre(lwc_bin) ;
lwc_bin_nominal_centre:long_name = "Liquid water content nominal bin centre" ;
lwc_bin_nominal_centre:units = "kg m-3" ;
lwc_bin_nominal_centre:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
lwc_bin_nominal_centre:comment = "This variable provides the nominal centres of the bins used in the liquid water content probability density functions,\n",
"evenly spread in logarithmic space. It therefore does not strictly correspond to the centre of the first bin\n",
"(which has a minimum at 0) or the last bin (which has a maximum at infinity)." ;
float lwp_bin_min(lwp_bin) ;
lwp_bin_min:long_name = "Liquid water path bin minimum" ;
lwp_bin_min:units = "kg m-2" ;
lwp_bin_min:units_html = "kg m-2" ;
lwp_bin_min:comment = "This variable provides the liquid water path minimum of the bins used in the liquid water path probability density functions." ;
float lwp_bin_nominal_centre(lwp_bin) ;
lwp_bin_nominal_centre:long_name = "Liquid water path nominal bin centre" ;
lwp_bin_nominal_centre:units = "kg m-2" ;
lwp_bin_nominal_centre:units_html = "kg m-2" ;
lwp_bin_nominal_centre:comment = "This variable provides the nominal centres of the bins used in the liquid water path probability density functions,\n",
"evenly spread in logarithmic space. It therefore does not strictly correspond to the centre of the first bin\n",
"(which has a minimum at 0) or the last bin (which has a maximum at infinity)." ;
float forecast_time_min ;
forecast_time_min:long_name = "Minimum time since forecast initialization" ;
forecast_time_min:units = "hours" ;
forecast_time_min:missing_value = -999.f ;
forecast_time_min:_FillValue = -999.f ;
forecast_time_min:comment = "The hourly model forecasts evaluated in this file are from a range of different forecast lead times.\n",
"This variable is the minimum forecast lead time." ;
float forecast_time_max ;
forecast_time_max:long_name = "Maximum time since forecast initialization" ;
forecast_time_max:units = "hours" ;
forecast_time_max:missing_value = -999.f ;
forecast_time_max:_FillValue = -999.f ;
forecast_time_max:comment = "The hourly model forecasts evaluated in this file are from a range of different forecast lead times.\n",
"This variable is the maximum forecast lead time." ;
float mean_observed_lwc(height) ;
mean_observed_lwc:long_name = "Mean observed liquid water content" ;
mean_observed_lwc:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc:comment = "This variable is the mean liquid water content versus height as determined by using radar and lidar to identify the \n",
"liquid cloud base and top in each profile, using the model temperature and pressure to calculate the adiabatic liquid \n",
"water content in each cloud layer, and then using dual-wavelength microwave radiometers to scale the liquid water content \n",
"values to yield the correct liquid water path.\n",
"Only data coincident with the model were used, and measurements above any surface rain \n",
"were not used due to the possibility of an incorrect estimate of liquid water content by the microwave radiometers.\n",
"A missing value indicates that in this height range there were no simultaneous model and observational data." ;
float mean_observed_lwc_th(height) ;
mean_observed_lwc_th:long_name = "Mean observed liquid water content (tophat)" ;
mean_observed_lwc_th:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_th:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_th:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_th:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_th:comment = "This variable is the mean liquid water content versus height as determined by the radar and lidar only, assuming a tophat distribution.\n",
"Only data coincident with the observations for mean_observed_lwc were used.\n",
"A missing value indicates that in this height range there were no simultaneous model and observational data." ;
float mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic(height) ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic:long_name = "Mean observed adiabatic liquid water content" ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic:comment = "This variable is the mean liquid water content versus height as determined by the radar and lidar only, using the adiabatic assumption.\n",
"Only data coincident with the observations for mean_observed_lwc were used.\n",
"A missing value indicates that in this height range there were no simultaneous model and observational data." ;
float mean_model_lwc(height) ;
mean_model_lwc:long_name = "Mean model liquid water content" ;
mean_model_lwc:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc:comment = "This variable is the mean model liquid water content versus height. Only data with coincident observations were used,\n",
"and data above any observed surface rain have not been used due to the possibility of bias in the observations leading \n",
"to an unfair comparison. A missing value indicates that in this height range there were no simultaneous model and observational data." ;
float mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all(height) ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:long_name = "Mean observed adiabatic liquid water content including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:comment = "This variable is the mean liquid water content versus height as determined by the radar and lidar only, using the adiabatic assumption.\n",
"Only data coincident with the model were used, and data above any surface rain have not been used due to the uncertainty in cloud boundaries.\n",
"A missing value indicates that in this height range there were no simultaneous model and observational data." ;
float mean_model_lwc_inc_all(height) ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all:long_name = "Mean model liquid water content including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_model_lwc except that data coincident with the observations for mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all were used,\n",
"and data above any observed surface rain have not been used due to the possibility of bias in the observations leading to an \n",
"unfair comparison. A missing value indicates that in this height range there were no simultaneous model and observational data." ;
float mean_observed_lwc_raw(height_raw) ;
mean_observed_lwc_raw:long_name = "Mean observed liquid water content on model grid" ;
mean_observed_lwc_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_raw:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_observed_lwc except that it was calculated on the original model grid." ;
float mean_observed_lwc_th_raw(height_raw) ;
mean_observed_lwc_th_raw:long_name = "Mean observed liquid water content (tophat) on model grid" ;
mean_observed_lwc_th_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_th_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_th_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_th_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_th_raw:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_observed_lwc_th except that it was calculated on the original model grid." ;
float mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw(height_raw) ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw:long_name = "Mean observed adiabatic liquid water content on model grid" ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic_raw:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_observed_lwc_adiabatic except that it was calculated on the original model grid." ;
float mean_model_lwc_raw(height_raw) ;
mean_model_lwc_raw:long_name = "Mean model liquid water content on model grid" ;
mean_model_lwc_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc_raw:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_model_lwc except that it was calculated on the original model grid." ;
float mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw(height_raw) ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw:long_name = "Mean adiabatic liquid water content on model grid including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_obs_lwc_adiab_inc_all_raw:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all except that it was calculated on the original model grid." ;
float mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw(height_raw) ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw:long_name = "Mean model liquid water content on model grid including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
mean_model_lwc_inc_all_raw:comment = "This variable is the same as mean_model_lwc_inc_all except that it was calculated on the original model grid." ;
float foo_observed_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
foo_observed_raw:long_name = "Mean observed frequency of occurrence on model grid" ;
foo_observed_raw:units = "1" ;
foo_observed_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
foo_observed_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
foo_observed_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean observed frequency of occurrence of liquid water contents above a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float foo_model_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
foo_model_raw:long_name = "Mean model frequency of occurrence on model grid" ;
foo_model_raw:units = "1" ;
foo_model_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
foo_model_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
foo_model_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean model frequency of occurrence of liquid water contents above a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float foo_observed_th_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
foo_observed_th_raw:long_name = "Mean observed frequency of occurrence on model grid for tophat distribution" ;
foo_observed_th_raw:units = "1" ;
foo_observed_th_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
foo_observed_th_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
foo_observed_th_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean observed frequency of occurrence of liquid water contents (assuming a tophat distribution) above a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float foo_observed_adiabatic_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_raw:long_name = "Mean observed frequency of occurrence on model grid for adiabatic assumption" ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_raw:units = "1" ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean observed frequency of occurrence of adiabatic liquid water contents above a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float foo_observed_adiabatic_inc_all_(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_inc_all_:long_name = "Mean observed frequency of occurrence for adiabatic assumption on model grid including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_inc_all_:units = "1" ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_inc_all_:missing_value = -999.f ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_inc_all_:_FillValue = -999.f ;
foo_observed_adiabatic_inc_all_:comment = "This variable is the mean observed frequency of occurrence of adiabatic liquid water contents above a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable. The adiabatic assumption has been used in estimating liquid water content." ;
float foo_model_inc_all_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
foo_model_inc_all_raw:long_name = "Mean model frequency of occurrence on model grid including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
foo_model_inc_all_raw:units = "1" ;
foo_model_inc_all_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
foo_model_inc_all_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
foo_model_inc_all_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean model frequency of occurrence of liquid water contents above a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float awp_observed_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
awp_observed_raw:long_name = "Mean observed amount when present on model grid" ;
awp_observed_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
awp_observed_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
awp_observed_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
awp_observed_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
awp_observed_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean observed liquid water content when it exceeds a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float awp_model_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
awp_model_raw:long_name = "Mean model amount when present on model grid" ;
awp_model_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
awp_model_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
awp_model_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
awp_model_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
awp_model_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean model liquid water content when it exceeds a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float awp_observed_th_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
awp_observed_th_raw:long_name = "Mean observed amount for tophat distribution when present on model grid" ;
awp_observed_th_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
awp_observed_th_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
awp_observed_th_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
awp_observed_th_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
awp_observed_th_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean observed liquid water content (assuming a tophat distribution) when it exceeds a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float awp_observed_adiabatic_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
awp_observed_adiabatic_raw:long_name = "Mean observed amount for adiabatic assumption when present on model grid" ;
awp_observed_adiabatic_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
awp_observed_adiabatic_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
awp_observed_adiabatic_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
awp_observed_adiabatic_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
awp_observed_adiabatic_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean observed adiabatic liquid water content when it exceeds a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw:long_name = "Mean observed amount for adiabatic assumption when present on model grid including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
awp_obs_adiabatic_inc_all_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean adiabatic liquid water content when it exceeds a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float awp_model_nolwp_raw(height_raw, lwc_bin) ;
awp_model_nolwp_raw:long_name = "Mean model amount when present on model grid including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
awp_model_nolwp_raw:units = "kg m-3" ;
awp_model_nolwp_raw:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
awp_model_nolwp_raw:missing_value = -999.f ;
awp_model_nolwp_raw:_FillValue = -999.f ;
awp_model_nolwp_raw:comment = "This variable is the mean model liquid water content when it exceeds a range of different values,\n",
"as indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable." ;
float pdf_observed_lwc(height_coarse, lwc_bin) ;
pdf_observed_lwc:long_name = "PDF of observed liquid water content" ;
pdf_observed_lwc:units = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_observed_lwc:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_observed_lwc:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwc:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwc:comment = "This variable is the probability density function of observed liquid water content in four height ranges, with bin minima indicated by the\n",
"lwc_bin_min variable. Only data with coincident model and observations were used, and missing values indicate height ranges\n",
"where no such data were available." ;
float pdf_observed_lwc_th(height_coarse, lwc_bin) ;
pdf_observed_lwc_th:long_name = "PDF of observed liquid water content (tophat)" ;
pdf_observed_lwc_th:units = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_observed_lwc_th:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_observed_lwc_th:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwc_th:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwc_th:comment = "This variable is the same as pdf_observed_lwc, except that a tophat distribution was assumed." ;
float pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic(height_coarse, lwc_bin) ;
pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic:long_name = "PDF of observed adiabatic liquid water content" ;
pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic:units = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwc_adiabatic:comment = "This variable is the same as pdf_observed_lwc, except that the adiabatic assumption was made and the liquid water path from dual-wavelength microwave radiometers was not used to constrain the liquid water content." ;
float pdf_model_lwc(height_coarse, lwc_bin) ;
pdf_model_lwc:long_name = "PDF of model liquid water content" ;
pdf_model_lwc:units = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_model_lwc:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_model_lwc:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_model_lwc:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_model_lwc:comment = "This variable is the probability density function of model liquid water content in four height ranges, with bin minima indicated by the\n",
"lwc_bin_min variable. Only data with coincident model and observations were used, and missing values indicate height ranges\n",
"where no such data were available." ;
float pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all(height_coarse, lwc_bin) ;
pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:long_name = "PDF of observed adiabatic liquid water content including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:units = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all:comment = "This variable is the same as pdf_observed_lwc, except that the adiabatic assumption was made and the liquid water path from dual-wavelength microwave radiometers was either not present or not used to constrain the liquid water content." ;
float pdf_model_lwc_inc_all(height_coarse, lwc_bin) ;
pdf_model_lwc_inc_all:long_name = "PDF of model liquid water content including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
pdf_model_lwc_inc_all:units = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_model_lwc_inc_all:units_html = "kg m-3" ;
pdf_model_lwc_inc_all:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_model_lwc_inc_all:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_model_lwc_inc_all:comment = "This variable is the same as pdf_model_lwc, except that data coincident with pdf_obs_lwc_adiabatic_inc_all have been included." ;
float pdf_observed_lwp(lwp_bin) ;
pdf_observed_lwp:long_name = "PDF of observed liquid water path" ;
pdf_observed_lwp:units = "kg m-2" ;
pdf_observed_lwp:units_html = "kg m-2" ;
pdf_observed_lwp:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwp:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwp:comment = "This variable is the probability density function of observed liquid water path (where the mean wind speed was calculated from the \n",
"mean of model winds in the grid boxes in the profile that contain liquid water), with bin minima indicated by the\n",
"lwp_bin_min variable. Only data with coincident model and observations were used, and missing values indicate \n",
"where no such data were available." ;
float pdf_observed_lwp_3km(lwp_bin) ;
pdf_observed_lwp_3km:long_name = "PDF of observed liquid water path using mean winds from 0 to 3 km" ;
pdf_observed_lwp_3km:units = "kg m-2" ;
pdf_observed_lwp_3km:units_html = "kg m-2" ;
pdf_observed_lwp_3km:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwp_3km:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_observed_lwp_3km:comment = "This variable is the probability density function of observed liquid water path (where the mean wind speed was calculated from the \n",
"mean of the magnitude of the model winds from 0 to 3 km in the vertical), with bin minima indicated by the\n",
"lwp_bin_min variable. Only data with coincident model and observations were used, and missing values indicate \n",
"where no such data were available." ;
float pdf_model_lwp(lwp_bin) ;
pdf_model_lwp:long_name = "PDF of model liquid water path" ;
pdf_model_lwp:units = "kg m-2" ;
pdf_model_lwp:units_html = "kg m-2" ;
pdf_model_lwp:missing_value = -999.f ;
pdf_model_lwp:_FillValue = -999.f ;
pdf_model_lwp:comment = "This variable is the probability density function of model liquid water path, with bin minima indicated by the\n",
"lwp_bin_min variable. Only data with coincident model and observations were used, and missing values indicate\n",
"where no such data were available." ;
short num_samples(height) ;
num_samples:long_name = "Number of samples used" ;
num_samples:units = "1" ;
num_samples:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples at each height used in calculating the contingency table and the skill scores.\n",
"Each sample is one hour apart in the original data." ;
short num_samples_raw(height_raw) ;
num_samples_raw:long_name = "Number of samples used for variables on model grid" ;
num_samples_raw:units = "1" ;
num_samples_raw:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples at each height used in calculating the contingency table and skill scores\n",
"reported on the model grid. Each sample is one hour apart in the original data." ;
int num_samples_coarse(height_coarse) ;
num_samples_coarse:long_name = "Number of samples used for PDFs" ;
num_samples_coarse:units = "1" ;
num_samples_coarse:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples in the four coarse height ranges used in calculating the probability\n",
"density functions of liquid water content." ;
short num_inc_all_samples(height) ;
num_inc_all_samples:long_name = "Number of samples used under adiabatic assumption including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
num_inc_all_samples:units = "1" ;
num_inc_all_samples:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples at each height used in calculating the contingency table and the skill scores.\n",
"Each sample is one hour apart in the original data." ;
short num_inc_all_samples_raw(height_raw) ;
num_inc_all_samples_raw:long_name = "Number of samples used for variables on model grid under adiabatic assumption including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
num_inc_all_samples_raw:units = "1" ;
num_inc_all_samples_raw:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples at each height used in calculating the contingency table and skill scores\n",
"reported on the model grid. Each sample is one hour apart in the original data." ;
int num_inc_all_samples_coarse(height_coarse) ;
num_inc_all_samples_coarse:long_name = "Number of samples used for PDFs under adiabatic assumption including when no reliable microwave radiometer observations were available" ;
num_inc_all_samples_coarse:units = "1" ;
num_inc_all_samples_coarse:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples in the four coarse height ranges used in calculating the probability\n",
"density functions of liquid water content." ;
int num_lwp ;
num_lwp:long_name = "Number of samples used for liquid water path PDFs" ;
num_lwp:units = "1" ;
num_lwp:comment = "This variable contains the number of samples used in calculating the probability\n",
"density functions of liquid water path." ;
short A(height, lwc_bin) ;
A:long_name = "Number of samples with cloud in model and observations" ;
A:units = "1" ;
A:comment = "This variable is used with \"B\", \"C\" and \"D\" to calculate various skill scores. It has been calculated for the full range\n",
"of liquid water content thresholds (indicated by the lwc_bin_min variable). Thus for a threshold of 1e-08 kg m-3, this variable\n",
"is the number of samples with liquid water content greater than 1e-08 kg m-3 simultaneously in the model and the observations.\n",
"Skill scores for multiple months should be calculated by first summing the values\n",
"of A, B, C and D for those months." ;
short B(height, lwc_bin) ;
B:long_name = "Number of samples with cloud in model but not observations" ;
B:units = "1" ;
B:comment = "See the comment of the \"A\" variable." ;
short C(height, lwc_bin) ;
C:long_name = "Number of samples with cloud in observations but not model" ;
C:units = "1" ;
C:comment = "See the comment of the \"A\" variable." ;
short D(height, lwc_bin) ;
D:long_name = "Number of samples with cloud in neither model nor observations" ;
D:units = "1" ;
D:comment = "See the comment of the \"A\" variable." ;
float ETS(height, lwc_bin) ;
ETS:long_name = "Equitable threat score" ;
ETS:units = "1" ;
ETS:missing_value = -999.f ;
ETS:_FillValue = -999.f ;
ETS:comment = "This variable is a measure of the skill of the liquid water forecasts calculated as ETS=(A-E)/(A+B+C-E), where E is the number of hits that\n",
"occurred by chance, given by E=(A+B)*(A+C)/(A+B+C+D). A perfect forecast would have an ETS of 1 and a random forecast an ETS of 0." ;
float Q(height, lwc_bin) ;
Q:long_name = "Yule\'s Q skill score" ;
Q:units = "1" ;
Q:missing_value = -999.f ;
Q:_FillValue = -999.f ;
Q:comment = "This variable is a measure of the skill of the liquid water forecasts calculated as Q=(A*D-B*C)/(A*D+B*C). It is closely related to the odds ratio,\n",
"but ranges from -1 to 1." ;
float ETS_all(lwc_bin) ;
ETS_all:long_name = "Equitable threat score for all heights" ;
ETS_all:units = "1" ;
ETS_all:missing_value = -999.f ;
ETS_all:_FillValue = -999.f ;
ETS_all:comment = "This variable is calculated from A, B, C and D at all heights." ;
float Q_all(lwc_bin) ;
Q_all:long_name = "Yule\'s Q skill score for all heights" ;
Q_all:units = "1" ;
Q_all:missing_value = -999.f ;
Q_all:_FillValue = -999.f ;
Q_all:comment = "This variable is calculated from A, B, C and D at all heights." ;
// global attributes:
:Conventions = "CF-1.0" ;
:title = "Evaluation of ECMWF liquid water content at Chilbolton during Apr 2003" ;
:location = "Chilbolton" ;
:start_date = "20030412" ;
:end_date = "20030411" ;
:history = "30 Jan 2008 16:45:32 - Generated using matlab by Ewan O\'Connor \n",
"liquid water content history: 08 Oct 2007 22:17:20 - Generated from liquid water content data and ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) data by Ewan O\'Connor on nuage\n",
"Liquid water content history: 24 Aug 2006 16:13:11 - Generated from categorization data by Ewan O\'Connor \n",
"Categorization history: 19 Jan 2005 12:40:16 - Generated from level 1 data by Ewan O\'Connor \n",
"Radar history: Wed Feb 25 01:31:40 2004 - NetCDF generated from original data by Nicolas Gaussiat on hogwarts\n",
"Wed May 12 09:48:59 2004 - Recalibrated (-2.1 dB) by Nicolas Gaussiat on hogwarts\n",
"Wed May 12 11:13:06 2004 - Inserted incoherent reflectivity factor by radar on hogwarts\n",
"(Incoherent processing history: Wed Feb 25 00:15:32 2004 - NetCDF generated from original data by Nicolas Gaussiat on hogwarts\n",
"Wed May 12 10:30:29 2004 - Recalibrated (-2.4 dB) by Nicolas Gaussiat on hogwarts)\n",
"Lidar history: Tue Sep 23 19:24:56 2003 - NetCDF generated from original data by Ewan O\'Connor on hogwarts\n",
"Model history: Fri Sep 24 11:05:08 BST 2004 - NetCDF generated from original data by Ewan O\'Connor using cnmodel2nc on hogwarts\n",
"Fri Nov 12 17:36:12 2004 - Comments added by radar on hogwarts\n",
"Gauge history: Recorded using Microlink 3000 series DAQ\n",
"2003-09-24 13:27:42 : converted to netCDF from FORMAT5 using Matlab 6.5.0.180913a (R13) running on GLNX86\n",
"Microwave radiometer history: \n",
"2005-01-13 14:25:31 : Liquid and vapour vater path produced by Nicolas Gaussiat on hagrid\n",
"" ;
:source = "ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS)\n",
"CloudNet categorization product (software version 0.9.2)\n",
"ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS)\n",
"CloudNet categorization product (software version 0.9.2) comprising:\n",
"Chilbolton 94-GHz Cloud Radar (Galileo)\n",
"Frequency: 94.00 GHz\n",
"Antenna diameter: 0.46 m\n",
"Axis separation of transmit and receive antennas: 0.66 m\n",
"Peak power: 1.6 kW\n",
"Pulse width: 0.5 us\n",
"Pulse repetition frequency: 6250 Hz\n",
"Beam width: 0.5 degrees;\n",
"Chilbolton Vaisala 905-nm CT75K lidar ceilometer\n",
"Wavelength: 905 nm\n",
"Half-angle beam divergence: 0.75 mrad\n",
"Half-angle field of view: 0.66 mrad;\n",
"ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS);\n",
"meteorological sensors;\n",
"Microwave radiometers" ;
:institution = "Department of Meteorology, University of Reading." ;
:comment = "This dataset contains statistics on the performance of ECMWF liquid water content,\n",
"including means as a function of height, probability density function, skill scores and the contingency table\n",
"to allow other skill scores to be calculated." ;
}